Based on the information that is given by the Department of Mining and Energy of the West Nusa Tenggara Province, height of mount Rinjani once reached approx; 5,000 m above sea level. also, the recent west part of mount Rinjani, at the pre quarter era (1,8 million years ago), was only sediment. At later on the Pleistocene era (1.8 million ago) there was volcanic activity as an effect of a tectonic volcanic action, that seeped through the surface in the form of explosive activity or melted lava.
Mt. Rinjani climbing is one of main tourist attraction. Mount Rinjani is the second Highest mountain in Indonesia.
Rinjani National Park lies within the major transition zone (Wallace) where the flora and fauna of South East Asia makes a dramatic transition into that which is typical of Australia. The park has a rich variety of plants and animals, although they can be hard to spot due to the terrain and rainforest cover.
Sometimes seen early in the morning is the rare black Ebony Leaf Monkey, know locally as Lutung. The long tailed gray macaque of kera is common in Lombok and older males are seen on the crater rim. Rusa Deer are forest dwellers and are occasionally seen along the Rinjani trek trail.
The smaller barking deer or kijang has an alarm call with a distinct dog - like bark. Look for the disturbed ground where the wild pig or babi hutan has been foraging. Also found in the forest is the leopard cat or bodok alas, palm civet or ujat and porcupine or landak.
A variety of colorful birds live in the park. Perhaps the best known icon of the park is the crested cockatoo that is not found any further west of Lombok. Many of the forest-dwelling animals, insects, birds, civets, and monkeys owe their survival to the wild fig tree or beringin as a provider of food and shelter.
The pine-like casuarinas species, Cemara, are a feature of the grassy, higher slopes. Orchids or anggrek are also a feature of the grassland areas, as is edelweiss or bunga abadi growing above the tree line. It is a beautiful icon of the park and one of our best-known sub-alvine plants.
Park Potential. Mount Rinjani area is a part of the tropical rain forest that lies in West Nusa Tenggara. It consists of various types of ecosystems and a complete vegetation starting from lowland tropical forest (semi evergreen) to mountainous tropical rain forest (1,500 - 2,000m; consisting of prime forest, casurina forest and sub-alphine vegetation). At a height of 1,000m are many kinds of trees and bushes such as banyan (ficus Benyamina), stinging nette (laportea stimulan), guava (sygium sp), wild nutmeg (Myritica fatna), Buni hutan (Antdesma so), Neem (Azadiracta indica), bajur ( Pterospermium hptophilla), terep (artocarplus elastica), harending (Melasotama sp) and Pandanus (pandanus tectorius) tree. At a height of 1,000 - 2,000m many types of flora can be seen. These include the Orchid (Vanda Sp), Meniran (Calicarpa Sp), jakut wood (Syzigium sp), sentul (aglaia sp), deduren (aglaia argentia), Pandanus (psandanus tectorius), birds-nest fern (asplenium nidus), glagah (saccharum spontaius), Coarse grass (Imperata cylenca), paku-pakuan (Cyclocorus sp), edeweiss (Anaphalis Visida), jenggot Algae (Unsea sp) and bigg rattan (daemonorops sp). You also can find many kinds of animals that live on Mount Rinjani; Wild pig (Sus scrofa), grey monkey (Macaca fascicularis), Black leaf monkey (Trcypphitecus auratus cristatus), Ganggarangan kecil (Vivvericula indica), Javan Pangolin ( Manis javanica), rinjani Palm civets (Paradoxuurus hermaproditus rindjanicus), Leleko Congkok (felis bengelensis javanensis) rusa Deers (cervus timorensis floresiensis), and Porcupines (Hystrix javanica). You can also see a variety of birds like the sulphur crested cockatoo (cacatua sulphures parvula), Koakiau (philemon buceroides negelcus), perkici red shest (Trichoglosus haematodus), honeyeater (Lichmera lomokia), and Black-head thrush (Zootera interpress).
Rinjani Trek Information
Over 38 villages are spread out in 12 sub-districts surrounding Mt. Rinjani. There are many routes up the mountain but the main access is from Senaru in the north and Sembalun Lawang to the east. The challenging three-day Rinjani Trek route from Senaru to the crater rim (Plawangan), down to the stunning crater lake then on to Sembalun Lawang is considered one of the best treks in South East Asia.
A model for ecotourism in Indonesia, the community-based activities are focused on the Rinjani Trek Centre in Senaru and on the Rinjani Information Centre in Sembalun Lawang. Developed with New Zealand Government assistance from 1999, the Rinjani Trek Centre embodies the unique partnership of the National Park, the tourism industry and the local communities. This has been founded to manage and protect the Rinjani mountain environment. During the period of the New Zealand Government assistance, the Rinjani Trek Management Board (RTMB) was formed and continues the program of the Rinjani Trek Ecotourism Programme.
Rinjani Trek Ecotourism Programme has received the following International and National Awards;
The World Legacy Award sponsored by International Conservation and National Geographic Traveler, June 2004
The Award for Innovative Ecotourism from the Ministry of Tourism, September 2004
A finalist in the Tourism for Tomorrow Destination Awards, April 2005
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